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Scientific paper ID 2652 : 2025/2
![]() USE OF ARPA TO INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINE SHIP’S SPEED AND COURSE UNDER GPS JAMMING CONDITIONS
Dilyan S. Dimitranov The safety of navigation is of an utmost priority for maritime officers, especially in conditions where the GPS signal is jammed or unavailable. The growing threats of electronic interference and GPS jamming pose significant challenges to modern maritime navigation. The Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) has proven to be a critical tool for navigation due to its ability to process real-time data and provide solutions for a wide range of navigational tasks. This article examines the potential of using ARPA to determine a ship”s course over ground and speed over ground by employing navigational simulators for experimental purposes. The primary focus is on developing and testing a methodology for utilizing ARPA to reduce dependency on GPS. Navigational simulators provide a safe and controlled environment for exploring and validating innovative approaches to ARPA applications. The results demonstrate high accuracy in determining course and speed, regardless of meteorological conditions or the positioning of navigational landmarks. The study confirms the potential of ARPA for application in scenarios involving electronic interference.
ARPA навигационен симулатор истински курс скорост спрямо грунта безопасност на навигациятаARPA navigational simulator speed overground course overground safety of navigation.Dilyan S. Dimitranov BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Grispos, G., & Mahoney, W. (2022). Cyber Pirates Ahoy! An Analysis of Cybersecurity Challenges in the Shipping Industry. Journal of Information Warfare, 21(3), 59–73. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27199983 [2] Komitov D. Issues and concerns in the maritime education regarding cyber risk management, International scientific journal ”trans & motauto world”, Vol. 9, Issue 2, P.P. 63-65, 2024, WEB ISSN 2534-8493, PRINT ISSN 2367-8399, 2024.pdf [3] G. Longo, E. Russo, A. Armando and A. Merlo, ”Attacking (and Defending) the Maritime Radar System,” in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 18, pp. 3575-3589, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2023.3282132 [4] Ilčev, D.S. (2021). New Aspects of Progress in the Modernization of the Maritime Radio Direction Finders (RDF). Transactions on Maritime Science, 10 (01), 68-83. Preuzeto s https://hrcak.srce.hr/258052 [5] Lenart A., ARPA accuracy testing at sea, The Journal of Navigation, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45, 1993, p.p. 118-127. [6] R. Wawruch, ”Tests of the Accuracy of Indications by ARPA and AIS of the Opposite Vessel True Course, True Speed and CPA,” 2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS), Bonn, Germany, 2018, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448220 [7] Westbrook, T. (2023). Radiofrequency Interference Strategies Targeting Marine Navigation Systems: Political Motives and Consequences [8] Yousefi H.: The Role of Navigational Aids Such as Radar/ARPA, ECDIS, AIS, Autopilot, on Safe Navigation at Sea. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 177-179, 2007 [9] Z. M. Kassas, J. Khalife, A. A. Abdallah and C. Lee, ”I Am Not Afraid of the GPS Jammer: Resilient Navigation Via Signals of Opportunity in GPS-Denied Environments,” in IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 4-19, 1 July 2022, doi: 10.1109/MAES.2022.3154110 [10] Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., & Jiang, H. (2023). A Review of Artificial Intelligence-Based Optimization Applications in Traditional Active Maritime Collision Avoidance. Sustainability, 15(18), 13384. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813384 [11] Komitov, D. Choveshkiyat faktor pri izpolzvaneto na ECDIS. e-Journal VFU, VSU „Chernorizets Hrabar“, Varna, br. 12, 2019, str. 16, ISSN 1313-7514 ( [11] Комитов, Д. Човешкият фактор при използването на ECDIS. e-Journal VFU, ВСУ „Черноризец Храбър“, Варна, бр. 12, 2019, стр. 16, ISSN 1313-7514 ) [12] Marinich A., Beregovyye sistemy upravleniya dvizheniem sudov, Kamchatskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universitetata, 2007, str.199, ISBN 978-5-328-00158-8. ( [12] Маринич А., Береговые системы управления движением судов, Камчатского государственного технического университетата, 2007, стр.199, ISBN 978-5-328-00158-8. ) |