Scientific paper ID 2635 : 2024/2

Hydrogen is a good energy vector, since its use in fuel cells leads to the formation of a single waste product - water. However, hydrogen storage remains a major challenge that limits the application of fuel cells, both in electric vehicles and for stationary power supply. Alternatively, hydrogen can be stored in some light chemical compounds, such as ammonia, methanol, ethanol, etc. All of these can be used as fuels for fuel cells, with ammonia having the wildest potential.

Ammonia is an excellent hydrogen storage material because it contains no carbon and therefore no CO2 emissions when used as a fuel. It is much more energy efficient and much cheaper to produce, store and deliver hydrogen in the form of NH3 than as compressed and/or liquefied hydrogen. There is an established infrastructure for ammonia, while for hydrogen new gas stations have yet to be built, which is associated with large investments. Furthermore, the combination of ammonia production using renewable energy and its subsequent use for energy production will form key parts of the economy in the future.