Scientific paper ID 2801 : 2026/4

This report provides an analysis of the principles, architecture, and control of induction motor drives in electric vehicles, focusing on inverter-based regulation of speed, torque, tractive effort, and braking force. Induction motors are characterized by high reliability, simple construction, and low maintenance, making them widely applicable in modern electric vehicles. The motor construction -comprising the stator, rotor, and squirrel-cage winding -is presented, and the operational principle demonstrating how electromagnetic induction generates the rotating magnetic field is explained. The role of the inverter is examined as a key converter that transforms DC voltage from the battery into three-phase AC power, providing precise control through methodologies such as Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC).

Furthermore, the mechanisms for speed and torque control are analyzed, alongside the regenerative braking process, during which the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted back into electrical energy and returned to the battery. The correlation between energy efficiency, inverter losses, and optimal control is highlighted. Based on the presented data, it is concluded that induction motor drives offer a balanced combination of efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, establishing them as a core element in the development of electric vehicle technologies.