Scientific paper ID 2770 : 2026/1

Over the past two decades, the construction sector has faced increasing pressure to reduce harmful emissions, noise pollution, and operational costs, while simultaneously maintaining or enhancing the productivity of the equipment in use. These ments stem both from increasingly stringent environmental regulations (EU Stage V, EPA Tier 4 Final) and from the economic necessity to optimize costs over the entire life cycle of construction machinery [1, 2].

In this context, electric construction machines have established themselves as a viable and promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) machines. The development of electric drive systems, power electronics, and high-energy-density batteries has created conditions for the deployment of electric machines not only in the compact class (mini loaders, mini excavators, lifting equipment) but progressively also in the medium and heavy construction machinery segments [3, 4].

This article aims to examine the main technical characteristics of electric construction machines, conduct a comparative analysis with ICE machines, and evaluate their economic, operational, and environmental advantages. The analysis focuses on the practical application of electric machines in modern construction processes and their role in the sector’s future development.