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Scientific paper ID 2730 : 2025/3
PRINCIPLES OF EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF STRESSES AND STRAINS IN STEEL STRUCTURES
Milan Bižić, Dragan Petrović This paper presents an analysis of the principles and practical aspects of experimental measurement of stresses and strains in steel structures using strain gauges. The fundamental design and operating principles of strain gauges are explained and discussed with a focus on their application to steel structures. Basic concepts of strain gauge measurements are examined in relation to the possible stress-strain state of the tested steel structures. Additionally, Wheatstone bridge configurations for connecting strain gauges are presented to achieve compensation for temperature, vibrations, and other parasitic effects during experimental testing. Finally, practical examples of testing steel structures, with special emphasis on railway vehicles, using strain gauges are provided. The results and discussions aim to support engineers and practitioners in accurately and reliably applying strain gauge technology in real-world experimental stress and strain measurements of steel structures.
Strain gauges Mechanical stress Stress measurement Steel structures.Strain gauges Mechanical stress Stress measurement Steel structures.Milan Bižić Dragan Petrović BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] DALLY, J. W., RILEY, W. F., Experimental Stress Analysis. McGraw-Hill College, 1991. [2] HOFFMAN, K., An Introduction to Measurements using Strain Gages. Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH – HBM, Darmstadt, 1989. [3] RAKANOVIĆ, R., PETROVIĆ, D., ŠOŠKIĆ, Z., SIMOVIĆ, T., Testing of Mechanical Structures. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljevo, 2006, (in Serbian). [4] BIŽIĆ, M., Testing of Mechanical Structures – Practicum. Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Kraljevo, 2019, (in Serbian). [5] BIŽIĆ, M., PETROVIĆ, D., SINĐELIĆ, V., Application of Strain Gauges in Experimental Testing of Mechanical Structures. The Forth International Conference – Mechanical Engineering in the 21st Century, 19-20 April, 2018., Niš, Serbia, pp. 207-210. [6] АTMADZHOVA, D., An Electronic System for Measuring the Attack Angle of Railway Wheelsets at a Running in Curves. IEEE Xplore, 2010. [7] NENOV, N., ATMADZHOVA, D., DODEV, N., STOYCHEV, G., Sensors and Control System for Tilting of Underground Trains in Curves. IEEE Xplore, 2012. [8] MIHAYLOV, E., IONTCHEV, E., ATMADZHOVA, D., Measuring accelerations frame tram bogies T81 in order to establish the reasons for the emergence and development of cracks. XVI Conference RAILCON‘14 Niš, Serbia, October 2014, pp.65-68. [9] IWNICKI. S., Handbook of Railway Vehicle Dynamics, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. [10] ANDERSSON, E., BERG, M., STICHEL, S., Rail Vehicle Dynamics, Fundamentals and Guidelines. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 1998. |
