Научный доклад ID 2709 : 2025/3

The report examines the main aspects of information systems security and protection, emphasizing the need for reliable strategies and technologies for their protection. Information security encompasses measures, policies and technologies designed to protect information resources from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction. The main objectives are: confidentiality, integrity, availability. It examines threats to information systems, which can be classified as: internal (employees, errors, sabotage), external (hackers, malware, natural disasters), technical (hardware failures, software bugs).

Protection methods : updates, antivirus software, middleware, network segmentation, access control, cryptography and cryptographic tools, data protection through: symmetric and asymmetric encryption, hash functions, digital signatures, certificates, network security.

The report examines the essence of intelligent train control systems (ITCS), technological components of ITCS, international practices and examples, analyzes the current state of BDZ and NRIC, the opportunities and scenarios for the implementation of ITCS in Bulgaria. It examines the economic, environmental and social effects, obstacles and risks of implementation. The report provides strategic recommendations and an action plan.