Scientific paper ID 2692 : 2025/4

The trains on Line II of the Sofia Metro pass through alternating dark and light sections along their designated route, which could cause a glare effect. In cities where the metro runs above ground for some sections, the same principles apply—when entering daylight, the driver must adapt, and vice versa when entering a dark section, namely a tunnel. There is a significant difference in the lighting of the metro stations themselves. The construction of metro stations is carried out according to different designs and by different contractors (different lighting fixtures, different layout, size, and different interior of the station itself). Metro train speeds are usually limited by the infrastructure, for example, exit portals that are designed to minimize sudden glare (sometimes with canopies or tunnel extensions). On Metro Line II, the trains are manually operated, which means that control over traction and braking power is entirely in the hands of the driver [1]. This manual control differs significantly from automated systems and increases the role of the human factor, which can lead to higher electricity consumption. Of particular importance for the efficiency of control are the psychological state, qualifications, education, and experience of the driver [2], as well as the effect of glare, which could lead to confusion in reactions and, respectively, deterioration in the quality of train driving technique.

This report examines the relationship between the illuminance achieved in the cabin of the simulator complex at the Todor Kableshkov University of Transport and the supply voltage applied to the luminaire