Scientific paper ID 2667 : 2025/2

The article examines the basic concepts of loess-like deposits and embankment structures in transport construction. Loess soil varieties are analyzed in detail according to their distribution and thickness of the layers on the territory of Bulgaria. Their classification according to their ability to collapse is presented. Guidelines are given for the design and reconstruction of embankments in transport construction. Individual articles from the current regulation on road construction in Bulgaria are cited and the focus is on the specific problems in the construction of road embankments. The geotechnical properties of three main lithological varieties: loess, loess clay and clay are analyzed in detail. These materials constitute the natural earth base of planned or existing roads. A comparative analysis was conducted between the indicated lithological varieties according to their geotechnical indicators. Specific conclusions and recommendations are formulated on this basis. Dependencies between the characteristics of the compared soils and their deformability are shown. The risks of structural failure due to failure to take into account the low bearing capacity and the tendency of these soils to collapse are highlighted.

Knowledge of the geotechnical properties of the ground is of great importance in the design, construction and repair of road embankments. To achieve optimal results, it is necessary to conduct in-depth engineering and geological surveys along the entire route for each specific infrastructure site.